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Centos系统第二个磁盘（数据盘sdb1）分区扩容的方法
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时间:2019-07-25 09:52:44
<p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">在操作硬盘扩容前，为了安全起见，请通过磁盘快照功能备份服务器系统盘与数据盘；</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 然后在确保数据安全的情况下操作关闭服务器，购买磁盘空间，等待配置完成后启动服务器；</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">接下来按照如下操作进行：</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">1、使用SSH远程连接到服务器</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">2、运行 umount [文件系统名称] 命令卸载主分区</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 注意事项：这里操作的时候如果出现报错，先关闭swap分区跟卸载主机监控以及停止宝塔相关服务</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（1）关闭swap分区：</span></span></span></p><pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">swapoff -a</pre><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, "></span><br/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（2）卸载主机监控（部分主机商有）：</span></span></span></p><pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">/usr/local/cloudmonitor/wrapper/bin/cloudmonitor.sh remove && rm -rf /usr/local/cloudmonitor</pre><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, "></span><br/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（3）解除占用（把占用 /dev/vdb1 的进程杀死）：</span></span></span></p><pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">fuser -m -k /dev/vdb1</pre><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, "></span><br/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（4）卸载主分区：</span></span></span></p><pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">umount /dev/vdb1</pre><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, "></span><br/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 使用 df -h 查看是否卸载成功，如果看不到 /dev/vdb1 的信息表示卸载成功。</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">以下为示例输出结果：</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"><img aid="23087" class="zoom" file="data/attachment/forum/201905/13/003213pxd9ii9ua6697arh.png" id="aimg_23087" initialized="true" inpost="1" src="/uploads/allimg/190725/1K4263V3-0.png" style="word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer;" width="450" zoomfile="data/attachment/forum/201905/13/003213pxd9ii9ua6697arh.png"/></span></span></span></p><p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, "/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">3、使用 fdisk 命令删除原来的分区并创建新分区：</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（1）运行命令 fdisk -l 罗列分区信息并记录扩容前数据盘的最终容量、起始扇区（First sector）位置</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"><img aid="23088" class="zoom" file="data/attachment/forum/201905/13/003240gmp0n4dsssessid0.png" id="aimg_23088" initialized="true" inpost="1" src="/uploads/allimg/190725/1K42C500-1.png" style="word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer;" width="550" zoomfile="data/attachment/forum/201905/13/003240gmp0n4dsssessid0.png"/></span></span></span></p><p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, "/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（2）运行命令 fdisk [数据盘设备名] 进入 fdisk 界面</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 本示例中，命令为 fdisk /dev/vdb</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 输入 d 并按回车键，删除原来的分区（删除分区不会造成数据盘内数据的丢失）</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 输入 n 并按回车键，开始创建新的分区</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 输入 p 并按回车键，选择创建主分区</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 输入分区编号并按回车键，这里仅创建一个分区，所以输入 1</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 输入第一个可用的扇区编号：为了保证数据的一致性，First sector 需要与原来的分区保持一致（在本示例中，按回车键采用默认值）</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 输入最后一个扇区编号：因为这里仅创建一个分区，所以按回车键采用默认值</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 输入 wq 并按回车键，开始保存之前对分区的操作</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">磁盘分区操作示例图：</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"><img aid="23089" class="zoom" file="data/attachment/forum/201905/13/003311v74j7rze27v505zr.png" id="aimg_23089" initialized="true" inpost="1" src="/uploads/allimg/190725/1K42BT3-2.png" style="word-wrap: break-word; cursor: pointer;" width="680" zoomfile="data/attachment/forum/201905/13/003311v74j7rze27v505zr.png"/></span></span></span></p><p><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, "/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">4、检查文件系统，并变更文件系统大小</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（1）检查文件系统</span></span></span></p><pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">e2fsck -f /dev/vdb1</pre><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, "></span><br/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">（2）变更文件系统大小</span></span></span></p><pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">resize2fs /dev/vdb1</pre><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, "></span><br/></p><blockquote style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, "><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;">
注意：</p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;">
使用 e2fsck 时，由于系统需要检查并修正文件系统元数据，所以速度较慢、耗时较长，请耐心等待。</p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;">
正确使用 e2fsck 和 resize2fs 指令，不会造成原有数据的丢失。</p></blockquote><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">5、将扩容完成的文件系统挂载到原来的挂载点（如本示例中的 /www）</span></span></span></p><pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">mount /dev/vdb1 /www</pre><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, "></span><br/></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;">6、查看磁盘空间和使用情况：运行命令 df -h</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 如果出现扩容后的文件系统信息，说明挂载成功，就可以使用扩容后的文件系统了。</span></span></span></p><p><span style="word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444;"><span style="font-family:";word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 15px;"> 重新启动服务器让全部环境和进程恢复启动，至此教程结束。<br/>
原作者：Hax0412 </span></span></span></p>